![]() ![]() For it deals with real prices, paid and received in real transactions, not with prices as they would be if men were different from what they really are. In dealing with prices economics does not ask what things are in the eyes of other people, but only what they are in the meaning of those intent upon getting them. But as long as people took this fable as truth, mandrake was an economic good and prices were paid for its acquisition. Present-day medicine considers the doctrine of the therapeutic effects of mandrake as a fable. However, if public opinion does not abandon its delusions and governments consequently resort to foreign exchange control, the course of events is determined by this attitude. But if men do not follow the advice of science, but cling to their fallacious prejudices, these errors are reality and must be dealt with as such.Įconomists consider foreign exchange control as inappropriate to attain the ends aimed at by those who take recourse to it. It is the task of economics to expose erroneous doctrines in the field of social action. It is the task of scientific technology and therapeutics to explode errors in their respective fields. ![]() A means is everything which acting men consider as such. For such notions as absolute validity and omniscience there is no room in the frame of a science whose subject matter is erring man. Praxeology and economics do not deal with human meaning and action as they should be or would be if all men were inspired by an absolutely valid philosophy and equipped with a perfect knowledge of technology. He who wants to deal with them must not look at the external world he must search for them in the meaning of acting men. Goods, commodities, and wealth and all the other notions of conduct are not elements of nature they are elements of human meaning and conduct. Economics is not about things and tangible material objects it is about men, their meanings and actions. Praxeological reality is not the physical universe, but man's conscious reaction to the given state of this universe. Praxeology does not deal with the external world, but with man's conduct with regard to it. It is human meaning and action which transform them into means. External objects are as such only phenomena of the physical universe and the subject matter of the natural sciences. It is of primary importance to realize that parts of the external world become means only through the operation of the human mind and its offshoot, human action. Thinking man sees the serviceableness of things, i.e., their ability to minister to his ends, and acting man makes them means. ![]() A thing becomes a means when human reason plans to employ it for the attainment of some end and human action really employs it for this purpose. Means are not in the given universe in this universe there exist only things. Strictly speaking the end, goal, or aim of any action is always the relief from a felt uneasiness.Ī means is what serves to the attainment of any end, goal, or aim. One uses these terms in ordinary speech also to signify intermediate ends, goals, or aims these are points which acting man wants to attain only because he believes that he will reach his ultimate end, goal, or aim in passing beyond them. The result sought by an action is called its end, goal, or aim. ![]()
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